The Knights Templar were a monastic military order formed at the end of the First Crusade with the mandate of protecting Christian pilgrims on route to the Holy Land. Never before had a group of secular knights banded together and taken the monastic vows. In this sense they were the first of the Warrior Monks. The Templars fought along side King Richard I (Richard The Lion Hearted) and other Crusaders in the battles for the Holy Lands.

From humble beginnings of poverty when the order relied on alms from the traveling pilgrims, the Order would go on to have the backing of the Holy See and the collective European monarchies.

Within two centuries they had become powerful enough to defy all but the Papal throne. Feared as warriors, respected for their charity and sought out for their wealth, there is no doubt that the Templar knights were the key players of the monastic fighting Orders. Due to their vast wealth and surplus of materials the Templars essentially invented banking, as we know it. The church forbade the lending of money for interest, which they called usury. The Templars, being the clever sort they were, changed the manner in which loans were paid and were able to skirt the issue and finance even kings.

They were destroyed, perhaps because of this wealth or fear of their seemingly limitless powers. In either case, the Order met with a rather untimely demise at the hands of the Pope and the King of France in 1307 and by 1314, "The Poor Fellow Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon" ceased to exist, at least officially.


Although originally a small group of nine knights, they quickly gained fame largely due to the backing of Bernard of Clairvaux and his "In Praise of the New Knighthood". Bernard at that time was often called the Second Pope and was the chief spokesman of Christendom. He is also the one responsible for helping to draw up the Order's rules of conduct.

In European political circles, they became very powerful and influential. This was because they were immune from any authority save that of the Papal Throne. (Pope Innocent II exempted the Templars from all authority except the Pope.) After the crusades were over, the knights returned to their Chapters throughout Europe and became known as moneylenders to the monarchs. In the process many historians believe they invented the Banking System.

The secret meetings and rituals of the knights would eventually cause their downfall. The King of France, Philip the Fair used these rituals and meetings to his advantage to destroy the knights. The real reason for his crushing the Templars was that he felt threatened by their power and immunity. In 1307, Philip, who desperately needed funds, to support his war against England's Edward I made his move against the Knights Templar.

On October 13th, 1307, King Philip had all the Templars arrested on the grounds of heresy, since this was the only charge that would allow the seizing of their money and assets. The Templars were tortured and as a result, ridiculous confessions were given. These confessions included:

Trampling and spitting on the cross 
Homosexuality and Sodomy 
Worshipping of the Baphomet 
Philip was successful in ridding the Templars of their power and wealth and urged all fellow Christian leaders to do the same thing. On March 19th, 1314 the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, Jacques de Molay was burned at the stake. De Molay is said to have cursed King Philip and Pope Clement, as he burned, asking both men to join him within a year. Whether he actually uttered the curse or if it is simply an apocryphal tale; what remains as fact is that Clement died only one month later and Philip IV seven months after that.

On ne connaissait  Phileas Fogg ni femme ni enfants, -- ce qui peut
arriver aux gens les plus honntes, -- ni parents ni amis, -- ce qui
est plus rare en vrit. Phileas Fogg vivait seul dans sa maison de
Saville-row, o personne ne pntrait. De son intrieur, jamais il
n'tait question. Un seul domestique suffisait  le servir.
Djeunant, dnant au club  des heures chronomtriquement dtermines,
dans la mme salle,  la mme table, ne traitant point ses collgues,
n'invitant aucun tranger, il ne rentrait chez lui que pour se
coucher,  minuit prcis, sans jamais user de ces chambres
confortables que le Reform-Club tient  la disposition des membres du
cercle. Sur vingt-quatre heures, il en passait dix  son domicile,
soit qu'il dormt, soit qu'il s'occupt de sa toilette. S'il se
promenait, 

c'tait invariablement, d'un pas gal, dans la salle
d'entre parquete en marqueterie, ou sur la galerie circulaire,
au-dessus de laquelle s'arrondit un dme  vitraux bleus, que
supportent vingt colonnes ioniques en porphyre rouge. S'il dnait ou
djeunait, c'taient les cuisines, le garde-manger, l'office, la
poissonnerie, la laiterie du club, qui fournissaient  sa table leurs
succulentes rserves ; c'taient les domestiques du club, graves

personnages en habit noir, chausss de souliers  semelles de
molleton, qui le servaient dans une porcelaine spciale et sur un
admirable linge en toile de Saxe ; c'taient les cristaux  moule
perdu du club qui contenaient son sherry, son porto ou son claret

mlang de cannelle, de capillaire et de cinnamome ; c'tait enfin la
glace du club -- glace venue  grands frais des lacs d'Amrique -- qui
entretenait ses boissons dans un satisfaisant tat de fracheur.

27 ottobre 2005 - Il Governo Thailandese ha reso noto che verr organizzata una cerimonia per commemorare le vittime dello tsunami dello scorso 26 dicembre.

La cerimonia si svolger a Phuket il 26 dicembre p.v. alla presenza di Autorit Thailandesi, dei familiari delle vittime, nonch di quanti rimasero feriti e dei sopravvissuti.

Nella stessa occasione il Governo Thailandese intende esprimere riconoscimento per gli aiuti ricevuti dalla comunit internazionale.

Il Governo Thailandese ha esteso l'invito a tutti coloro che desiderino partecipare all'evento ed ha indicato la disponibilit a sostenere le spese di viaggio e di soggiorno per i feriti ed un familiare per ciascuna vittima.

Si invitano tutti coloro che intendano partecipare o usufruire delle facilitazioni tailandesi, a consultare il sito www.mfa.go.th/tsunami , compilando il previsto formulario che dovr essere inviato direttamente alle Autorit Thailandesi secondo le modalit indicate.


-rwx------   1 rarab    4plus1    356176 Oct 30 19:19 covgetkernel64*
-r-x------   1 rarab    4plus1   1016140 Oct 30 19:19 covmerge*

-rw-------   1 rarab    4plus1     20680 Oct 31 17:26 word.cc
-rw-------   1 rarab    4plus1      7587 Oct 31 17:26 word.h
-rw-rw-rw-   1 rarab    4plus1     52828 Oct 31 17:27 word.o
obelix[212]% structtest.shell > ! testresults
BullseyeCoverage Clear Measurements 7.5.0 Solaris-SPARC Serial 200003 License will expire 2007-09-27
Copyright (c) Bullseye Testing Technology 1990-2005
structtest.shell: /dev/null: cannot execute
structtest.shell: /dev/null: cannot execute
pstructtest.shell: /dev/null: cannot execute

SYNTAX ERROR on command line: switch -[pvl]n: did not contain a proper integer.
structtest.shell: /dev/null: cannot execute
BullseyeCoverage Function Report 7.5.0 Solaris-SPARC Serial 200003 License will expire 2007-09-27
Copyright (c) Bullseye Testing Technology 1990-2005
BullseyeCoverage Detail Report 7.5.0 Solaris-SPARC Serial 200003 License will expire 2007-09-27
Copyright (c) Bullseye Testing Technology 1990-2005
obelix[213]% pico testresults
   UW PICO(tm) 2.9                                      File: testresults

copyright(void)                ...rdance.cc   246  1 / 1       0 /     0
instructions(void)             ...rdance.cc   263  1 / 1       0 /     0
saveAlphabetF...tor&,BOOLEAN)  ...rdance.cc   520  1 / 1       2 /     2 = 100%
ateof(FILE*)                   concutils.cc   174  1 / 1       2 /     2 = 100%
lowerCaseString(char*)         concutils.cc   192  1 / 1       2 /     2 = 100%
getFilenameOnly(char*)         concutils.cc   216  1 / 1       6 /     6 = 100%
Locus::Locus(unsigned int)     word.cc         68  1 / 1       0 /     0
-----------------------------  ------------------  -----  ---------------------
Total                                                37%     206 /   446 =  46%
alphalst.cc:
  ...
         66
         67  //*****  class CharCt functions* *********************************
         68
-->      69  CharCt &CharCt::operator = (CharCt &cc)
         70  {
         71     character=cc.getCharacter();
         72     useAmt=cc.getUse();
  ...
         82     return *this;
         83  }
         84
         93  }
         94
                                                     [ Read 1591 lines ]
TF      512     else if(ctType=='p') confile << "   Page number\n";
        534     cerr << "\n\nERROR: You have insufficient memory to continue ma
        535          << "document.  It will be necessary for you to shorten the
  ...
concutils.cc:
  ...
  tf    132a    (c>='a'&&
  tf    132b             c<='z')||
        139
        140  //OK returns non-0 if c is an alphanumeric or diacritical alphanum
-->     141  BOOLEAN isAlDiaNum(int c)
        142  {
                                                     [ Read 1591 lines ]

obelix[215]% pico tester.cc
   UW PICO(tm) 2.9                                       File: tester.cc                                          Modified

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
        for (i=0; i<255; i++){
                printf("%c", i);
        }
}

obelix[216]% gcc -o tester.cc ascii
gcc: ascii: No such file or directory
gcc: no input files
obelix[217]% gcc tester.cc -o ascii
obelix[218]% ascii
123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
[\
]^
_
`
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
{
|
}



























































































oelix[219]% PuTTY6c
PuTTY6c: Command not found.
obelix[220]% ascii
123456789:;<=>?@ABCDE
FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}



























    
























ob
el
ix[221]% PuTTY6c
/*
# $Header: /home/ralph/progs/concordance/RCS/concutils.cc,v 0.4 1996/11/26 23:54:11 ralph Exp ralph $
# $Date: 1996/11/26 23:54:11 $
# $Author: ralph $
# $Log: concutils.cc,v $
# Revision 0.4  1996/11/26 23:54:11  ralph
# Removed copyright message function from concutils and put it in concordance.cc.
#
1># Revision 0.3  1996/11/23 12:36:25  ralph
# Minor cosmetic changes to file.
#
# Revision 0.2  1996/11/23 00:52:25  ralph
# Added copyright() function., GNU public license.
#
# Revision 0.1  1996/11/10 20:53:41  ralph
# Alpha version
#
*/

/*************************************************************
* File: concutils.cc - utilities used by Concordancing program
2>* Copyright (C) 12-16-93 Ralph L. Meyer - R & R Consulting
* 39 Nelson Avenue, Spotswood, NJ 08884
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*
* Bug reports and suggestions can be sent to:
3>* meyer@princeton.edu
* Ralph L. Meyer, 39 Nelson Ave. Spotswood, NJ 08884
*
* NOTES: utility function file for use with concordancing program
* FUNCTIONS IN THIS FILE:
* BOOLEAN isAlphaDiacritic(int c)      //returns true if char is alphadiacritical
* BOOLEAN isAlDiaNum(int c)        //returns true if char is alphadiacritical or numeric
* int ateof(istream &instream)    //check for eof
* int ateof(FILE *fp)   //true check for eof
* void copyright()   //put copyright message on screen
* char *lowerCaseString(char *stringToLc) //lower case a string
* void getFilenameOnly(char *fname)  //return filename only in fname
* void outOfMem(void)   //message for on-screen at memory out
* int diactolower(int ch) //lowercases alphabetic chars and ascii diacriticals returns lowercased char
* int strcomp(char *str1,char *str2) //determine if strings are equal by subtracting str2 from str1 chars
*
* FOR USE WITH UNIX: (MS-DOG--LIKE FUNCTIONS):
* int wherex(void);  //finds x location of cursor on screen
* int wherex(WINDOW *); //finds y location of cursor in window
* int wherey(void);  //finds x location of cursor on screen
* int wherey(WINDOW *); //finds y location of cursor in window
* void gotoxy(int, int);   //moves cursor to x,y position on screen
* void gotoxy(WINDOW *, int, int);  //moves cursor to x,y position on screen
**************************************************************/

#include "oshdr.h"   //set the operating system

#ifdef DOS_FUNCS
#include <curses.h>

int wherex(void);
int wherex(WINDOW *);
int wherey(void);
int wherey(WINDOW *);
void gotoxy(int, int);
void gotoxy(WINDOW *, int, int);
int strcmpi(const char *, const char *);
int stricmp(const char *, const char *);

#endif


/* Edited: 12-12-93 08:30 */
/*
* Functions in this file:
* BOOLEAN isAlphaDiacritic(int c)
* BOOLEAN isAlDiaNum(int c)
* int ateof(istream &instream) //overloaded
* int ateof(FILE *fp)          //true check for eof
* char *lowerCaseString(char *stringToLc)
* char *upperCaseString(char *stringToLc)
* void getFilenameOnly(char *fname)
* int diactolower(int ch)
* int strcomp(char *str1,char *str2)
*
* Function operative if OS_DOS is defined:
* Unused in Unix.
* void propeller(int xl=0,int yl=0)
*
* Functions to mimic MS-DOG functions:
* Operative if DOS_FUNCS is defined
* if used, curses.h must be #included
* int wherex(void)
* int wherex(WINDOW *win)
* int wherey(void)
* int wherey(WINDOW *win)
* void gotoxy(int x, int y)
* void gotoxy(WINDOW *win, int x, int y)
* int strcmpi(const char str1*, const char str2*)
* int stricmp(const char str1*, const char str2*)
*/

#include "standard.h"

//isAlphaDiacritic(int char):**************************************************************

/* This function returns 0 if the character entered is not in any of the
* following characters: (ASCII codes)
* ',
* A-Z,   65 -  90
* a-z,   97 - 122
* -, 128 - 154
* -, 160 - 165
* -, 224 - 235
*/

//OK returns non-0 if c is an alphabetic or diacritical alphabetic
BOOLEAN isAlphaDiacritic(int c)
{
   return ((c=='\'')||
   (c>='A'&&c<='Z')||
   (c>='a'&&c<='z')||
   (c>=128&&c<=154)||
   (c>=160&&c<=165)||
   (c>=224&&c<=235))
   ? YES : NO;
4>}


//OK returns non-0 if c is an alphanumeric or diacritical alphanumeric
BOOLEAN isAlDiaNum(int c)
{
   return ((c=='\'')||
   (c>='0'&&c<='9')||
   (c>='A'&&c<='Z')||
   (c>='a'&&c<='z')||
   (c>=128&&c<=154)||
   (c>=160&&c<=165)||
   (c>=224&&c<=235))
   ? YES : NO;
}


//ateof(istream/FILE):**************************************************************

//OK tell if at end of fstream file on input:
//overloaded
int ateof(istream &instream)
{
   long floc = instream.tellg();
   instream.seekg(floc+2);
   if(instream.peek() == EOF){
      return EOF;
   }
   else{
      instream.seekg(floc);
      return 0;
   }
}


//OK tell is at eof with file pointers
//overloaded
int ateof(FILE *fp)  //true check for eof
{
   char chkchar;
   int check;

   fread(&chkchar,1,1,fp); //read a char to see if move past eof
   check=feof(fp);   //test for eof
   if(check) return check;
   else{
      fseek(fp,-1,SEEK_CUR);
      return check;
   }
}


//**************************************************************

//lower cases a null ended c string:
char *lowerCaseString(char *stringToLc)
{
   int n;

   for (n=0;*(stringToLc+n)!='\0';n++){
      *(stringToLc+n)=tolower(*(stringToLc+n));
   }
   *(stringToLc+n)='\0';   // added because of segfaulting SIGSEG 11/24/96 RM
   return stringToLc;
}

//upper cases a null ended c string:
char *upperCaseString(char *stringToLc)
{
   for (int n=0;*(stringToLc+n)!='\0';n++){
      *(stringToLc+n)=toupper(*(stringToLc+n));
   }
   return stringToLc;
}

//**************************************************************

//parse out the filename portion of a filename.ext string:
//stores filename portion in fname
void getFilenameOnly(char *fname)
{
   int n;
   for (n=0;*(fname+n)!='\0'&&*(fname+n)!='.';n++);
   *(fname+n)='\0';  //add the null ending to the string
}

//**************************************************************

//this function returns a lowercased alphadiacritical or the original
//character entered if not an alphadiacritical.
int diactolower(int ch)
{
   if (!(ch>='A'||ch<='Z'||ch>='a'||ch<='z'||
       ch>=128||ch<=154||ch>=160||ch<=165))return ch;
   else if (ch>='A'&&ch<='Z')return ch+'a'-'A';
   else if (ch>='a'&&ch<='z')return ch;
   else{
      switch(ch){
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         case '':
            return '';
         default :
            return ch;
      }
   }
}

//**************************************************************
//determine if strings are equal by subtracting string 2 from string 1:
int strcomp(char *str1,char *str2)
{
   int n;

   for (n = 0; *(str1+n)!='\0'&&*(str2+n)!='\0' ; n++){
      int val;
      if ((val=(*(str1+n))-(*(str2+n)))==0);
      else if (val<0)return val;
      else if (val>0)return val;
   }
   //determine if one string is longer than the other:
   if (str1[n]==str2[n])return 0;
   else if (str1[n]>str2[n])return str1[n];
   else return -str2[n];
}


#ifdef OS_DOS
#define PROP
#elif DOS_FUNCS
#define PROP
#endif
#ifdef PROP
/*
* App was originally written for MS-DOG. These functions are to mimic the MSDOG functions
* in the original as one means of porting the program to LINUX.
* These functions use curses to perform screen activities called for above.
* Warning to programmer: note that after initscr() for curses, endscr() must be
* called before any exit()s from the program!
*/



//**************************************************************
//put a propeller on screen at the cursor location
void propeller(int xl=0,int yl=0)
{
   static int xloc, yloc, lastpresy, prop=1;
   static int started = 0; //flag-has function been called previously?
   int presx,presy;

   if(!started){
      started=1;
      if(!xl||xl<0)presx=xloc=wherex();
      else presx=xloc=xl;
      if(!yl||yl<0)lastpresy=presy=yloc=wherey();
      else lastpresy=presy=yloc=yl;
      gotoxy(xloc,yloc);
      putchar('-');
      gotoxy(presx,presy);
   }
   else if(prop%2==0){
      prop++;
      presx=wherex();
      presy=wherey();
      gotoxy(xloc,yloc);
      if(presy>lastpresy){
         lastpresy=presy;
         if(yloc>1)yloc--;
      }
      putchar('\\');
      gotoxy(presx,presy);
   }
   else if(prop%3==0){
      prop=1;
      presx=wherex();
      presy=wherey();
      gotoxy(xloc,yloc);
      if(presy>lastpresy){
         lastpresy=presy;
         if(yloc>1)yloc--;
      }
      putchar('/');
      gotoxy(presx,presy);
   }
   else{
      prop++;
      presx=wherex();
      presy=wherey();
      gotoxy(xloc,yloc);
      if(presy>lastpresy){
         lastpresy=presy;
         if(yloc>1)yloc--;
      }
      putchar('-');
      gotoxy(presx,presy);
   }
   return;
}
#endif

#ifdef DOS_FUNCS
/*Mimicing MS DOG like functions in Turbo-C:
* NOTE: that in using these functions, since they are overloaded, they MUST
* be used only in C++ programs, and g++ must be run with the switch -lcurses.
* Also: these functions must be forward declared where used as they are not found in UNIX.:
* int wherex(void);
* int wherex(WINDOW *);
* int wherey(void);
* int wherey(WINDOW *);
* void gotoxy(int, int);
* void gotoxy(WINDOW *, int, int);
*/
int wherex(void)
{
   int x, y;
   getyx(stdscr, y, x);
   return x;
}

int wherex(WINDOW *win)
{
   int x, y;
   getyx(win, y, x);
   return x;
}

int wherey(void)
{
   int x, y;
   getyx(stdscr, y, x);
   return y;
}

int wherey(WINDOW *win)
{
   int x, y;
   getyx(win, y, x);
   return y;
}

void gotoxy(int x, int y)
{
   move(y, x);
   refresh();
}

void gotoxy(WINDOW *win, int x, int y)
{
   wmove(win,y,x);
   wrefresh(win);
}

int strcmpi(const char str1*, const char str2*)
{
   return strcasecmp(str1, str2);
}

int stricmp(const char str1*, const char str2*)
{
   return strcasecmp(str1, str2);
}
#endif
